Here’s what you need to know about cavities

You might have experienced or heard of the common problem of dental cavities. But did you know that cavities can lead to more severe issues if left untreated? The American Dental Association reports that cavities are one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. In the United States, approximately 91 percent of adults aged 20 to 64 have tooth decay, whereas many seniors have lost their natural teeth as a result of cavities. Even though anyone can get cavities, preventive care and early treatments can help keep your teeth healthy. In this article, we’ll dive deep into the causes, dangers, prevention, and treatment of cavities.

What causes cavities?

Cavities occur when specific bacteria in the mouth convert sugars and carbohydrates into acids, which erode the enamel – the protective outer layer of the tooth. Without timely repair, the attack will create holes or cavities in the tooth structure. The bacteria get energy from the food we consume, creating a sticky film called plaque that covers the teeth’ surfaces. Plaque accumulates in areas where we can’t brush effectively, such as between the teeth, and hardens over time to form tartar. Tartar acts as a breeding ground for bacteria, leading to a more aggressive attack on the tooth.

The dangers of untreated cavities

Left untreated, cavities can cause many problems. At the initial phase, cavities may cause sensitivity to heat and cold. However, as the decay continues, it can lead to toothaches that range from mild to severe. Severe pain may indicate that the decay has reached the tooth pulp, which contains nerve endings and blood vessels. If the decay penetrates the pulp, it can cause a painful abscess – a pus-filled infection at the root of the tooth. Additionally, abscesses can affect other parts of the body, spread to the jaw, cause fever, swelling, and fatigue. In extreme cases, untreated cavities can lead to tooth loss and bone damage.

Prevention of cavities

The good news is that with regular prevention and care, you can protect your teeth from cavities. The first defense is to brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily. Dental flossing helps remove food particles and plaque from areas that your toothbrush can’t easily reach. Eating a healthy diet and reducing sugary snacks and drinks can also be effective in cavity prevention. Regular dental check-ups and cleaning can help identify, treat, and prevent cavities. Your dentist may recommend additional prevention treatments such as dental sealants, fluoride treatments, or antibacterial mouthwash.

Treatment of cavities

If your dentist diagnoses a cavity, the treatment depends on the severity of the decay. The most common treatment is filling the cavity with a composite resin material, which has a natural esthetic appearance. Then, your dentist will smooth and polish the filling to fit your bite perfectly. If the decay reaches the tooth’s pulp or nerve, your dentist may recommend a root canal procedure. A root canal aims to remove the tooth’s infected pulp and preserve the natural tooth structure. Only in extremely severe cases, when the damage is beyond repair, your dentist may suggest tooth extraction and implant surgery.

Cavities are widespread dental problems that can lead to severe issues if left untreated. However, cavities are preventable with proper oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. It’s essential to brush twice a day, floss daily, maintain a healthy diet, and limit sugary snacks and drinks. If you suspect a cavity or experience tooth sensitivity or pain, don’t wait too long before seeing your dentist. Early diagnosis and treatment can help preserve your natural teeth and avoid more extensive and costly treatments. Remember, your oral health can impact your overall health, and taking care of your teeth should be a top priority.